Guests

• Xue Lan, Dean of the International Governance Institute of Tsinghua University
• Tang Shiqi, Dean of the School of International Relations at Peking University
• Song Guoyou, Professor at the Institute of International Studies at Fudan University
• Host: Wu Hao, Editor

Introduction

The world is experiencing rapid changes, and artificial intelligence (AI) is a strategic technology leading a new wave of technological revolution and industrial transformation. While AI profoundly alters human production and lifestyle, it also brings significant risks and challenges that have garnered widespread attention. The international community faces the common task of enhancing global governance for AI. General Secretary Xi Jinping has emphasized the importance of a human-centered approach and the need for rules governing AI within the UN framework to facilitate a green transition and help developing countries integrate into the digital, intelligent, and green trends.

Characteristics and Challenges of AI Global Governance

Unique Aspects of AI Governance

Xue Lan: AI global governance is characterized by rapid technological iterations and its extensive impact, which the international community is not fully prepared to address. Unlike more mature global governance topics like climate change, AI governance faces complexities due to geopolitical tensions and competition among major powers. Some countries are erecting barriers to technological development, which disrupts global collaboration in research and industry. This competitive environment undermines trust and cooperation in AI governance, leading to a fragmented system with weakened rule enforcement.

Tang Shiqi: The rapid development of AI creates significant uncertainty. AI is not just a subject of decision-making but also participates in it. The reliance on AI for decision-making is increasing, raising concerns about the objectivity and comprehensiveness of the information it provides. Additionally, the fluid and virtual nature of AI complicates governance, as it lacks clear entities for regulation.

Song Guoyou: AI governance differs from other global issues in three main ways: the uneven impact of governance, the unpredictability of governance paths, and the high sensitivity of technological competition. Some countries feel the impact of AI acutely, while others perceive little effect, complicating collective governance efforts.

Current Challenges in AI Governance

Xue Lan: There is a lack of consensus on key issues in AI governance, such as recognizing potential risks and establishing red lines. The rapid development of AI often outpaces the establishment of governance rules, creating a persistent gap. Additionally, the multitude of governance mechanisms lacks coordination, leading to a complex and inefficient regulatory environment.

Tang Shiqi: Rising technological nationalism prioritizes national security over global public interest, complicating the establishment of a global AI governance framework. Disparities in data regulation and oversight among countries further hinder collaboration.

Song Guoyou: The challenges include unilateralism from some countries, low enthusiasm from less developed nations, and private sector concerns about governance frameworks that may not align with their business interests.

Promoting a Human-Centered and Cooperative Governance Approach

Xue Lan: To address the global governance deficit, we must adopt a human-centered development philosophy, ensuring that AI serves humanity. Governance should be based on equal dialogue, allowing all nations to participate in rule-making. Action-oriented approaches are necessary to promote inclusive development and establish a cooperative risk management system for AI.

Tang Shiqi: We must maintain human dignity and creativity in the face of advanced AI, ensuring that AI remains a tool for humanity. Mutual cooperation is essential to bridge technological gaps and ensure equitable access to AI benefits.

Song Guoyou: AI governance should embody principles of openness, inclusivity, and safety. These principles must guide the entire governance process to ensure that AI development aligns with the common interests of humanity.

Establishing an Inclusive AI Governance Framework

Xue Lan: The upcoming World Artificial Intelligence Conference in 2025 aims to promote a multilateral global digital governance system. To overcome geopolitical barriers, we must support the UN’s role and encourage cooperative frameworks that foster trust and practical outcomes.

Song Guoyou: International cooperation should focus on significant issues, pragmatic collaboration within existing multilateral frameworks, and encourage private sector engagement to break down geopolitical barriers.

Ensuring Equal Participation of Global South Countries

Xue Lan: The challenges faced by global South countries stem from weak educational and research foundations. Addressing these issues is crucial for narrowing the AI technology gap. We must enhance their governance capabilities and ensure they can participate meaningfully in AI governance.

Tang Shiqi: To promote equal participation, we should focus on technical collaboration, fair rule-making processes, and integrating cultural values from global South countries into AI development.

Song Guoyou: Global South countries must actively build their capabilities and mechanisms to address structural asymmetries in AI governance, fostering self-reliance rather than dependency on developed nations.